Chinablaetter-Lerntext vom 8.6.2005
Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on the United Nations Reforms (7.6.2005)
Offizieller Text in chinesischer und englischer Sprache
Quelle: Online-Dienst der Xinhua-Nachrichtenagentur
Allgemeines
I. Development Issues
II. Security Issues
Teil 2:
III. Rule of Law, Human Rights and Democracy
IV. Strengthening the UN
Quellenverzeichnis (URL's)
| 三、法治、人权与民主
|
III. Rule of Law, Human Rights and Democracy | |
| （一）“保护的责任” | 1. Responsibility to Protect | |
| - 各国负有保护本国公民的首要责任。一国内乱往往起因复杂，对判定一国政府是否有能力和意愿保护其国民应慎重，不应动辄加以干预。 | - Each state shoulders the primary responsibility to protect its own population. However, internal unrest in a country is often caused by complex factors. Prudence is called for in judging a government's ability and will to protect its citizens. No reckless intervention should be allowed. | |
| -在出现大规模人道危机时，缓和和制止危机是国际社会的正当关切。有关行动须严格遵守《宪章》的有关规定，尊重有关当事国及其所在地区组织的意见，在联合国框架下由安理会根据具体情况判断和处置，尽可能使用和平方式。在涉及强制性行动时，更应慎重行事，逐案处理。 | - When a massive humanitarian crisis occurs, It is the legitimate concern of the international community to ease and defuse the crisis. Any response to such a crisis should strictly conform to the UN Charter and the opinions of the country and the regional organization concerned should be respected. It falls on the Security Council to make the decision in the frame of UN in light of specific circumstances which should lead to a peaceful solution as far as possible. Wherever it involves enforcement actions, there should be more prudence in the consideration of each case. | |
| （二）国际刑事法院 | 2. International Criminal Court | |
| - 中国支持建立一个独立、公正、有效和具有普遍性的国际刑事法院，以惩治最严重的国际罪行。 | - China supports the establishment of an International Criminal Court characterized by its independence, impartiality, effectiveness and universality, capable of punishing the gravest international crimes. | |
| - 由于《国际刑事法院罗马规约》尚存的一些不足可能影响法院公正、有效地行使职能，因此中国尚未参加，但仍希望法院能以其实际工作赢得非缔约国的信心，赢得国际社会普遍接受。 | - In view of some deficiencies in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court which may hinder the just and effective functioning of the Court, China has not yet acceded to the Statute. But we still hope that the Court will win the confidence of non-Contracting Parties and wide acceptance of the international community through its work. | |
| - 对是否将有关局势提交国际刑事法院，安理会应谨慎行事。 | -The Security Council should act with prudence as to whether to refer a certain situation to the International Criminal Court. | |
| （三）国际法院 | 3. The International Court of Justice | |
| - 中国支持加强国际法院作用，改进法院的工作方法，提高法院的效率。各国自由选择和平解决争端方式的权利应得到尊重。 | - China is in favor of strengthening the role of the International Court of Justice, improving its working methods and enhancing its efficiency. The right of each country to choose freely peaceful means to settle disputes should be respected. | |
| （四）人权 | 4. Human rights | |
| - 中国赞同并支持改革联合国人权机构。改革的关键是扭转将人权问题政治化的现状，不搞双重标准，减少和避免对抗，促进合作，将更多资源用于人权技术合作项目，加强各国人权能力建设。 | - China is in favor of and supports the reform of UN human rights bodies. The essence of the reform is depoliticizing human rights issues, rejecting double standards, reducing and avoiding confrontation and promoting cooperation, so as to gear more resources to human rights technical cooperation projects and countries' human rights capacity building. | |
| - 应同等重视经济、社会、文化权利和公民、政治权利两类人权，纠正只偏重一类人权的现象。 | - Equal importance should be given to the economic, social and cultural rights on the one hand and the civil and political rights on the other. Emphasis on one category of human rights to the neglect of the other should be redressed. | |
| - 联合国人权会在国际人权领域发挥了重要作用，人权会的作用和贡献不能轻易否定。 | - The UN Commission on Human Rights has played an important role in the area of international human rights. Its role and contribution should not be denied. | |
| - 联合国人权机构的组成必须遵循公平地域分配原则，确保具有广泛的代表性。由一个小规模的“人权理事会”取代人权会，恐怕解决不了当前人权领域严重的“信誉赤字”，如何改进联合国人权机构的工作，各方还需进行认真探讨。 | - The UN human rights bodies must abide by the principle of equitable geographical distribution in their composition to ensure broad representation. To have a small "Human Rights Council" to replace the Commission may not possibly overturn the serious "credit deficit" in the human rights area. It is necessary to conduct serious discussions on ways to improve the work of UN human rights agencies. | |
| - 中国同意联合国“机构间国家工作队”支持各国人权建设的全球方案。“国家工作队”应尊重会员国的主权和法律，并充分考虑到会员国在人权方面的实际需求，以加强会员国本身的人权能力建设为工作目标。“国家工作队”的工作情况每年应形成报告，供会员国审议。 | - China agrees to the global program to equip United Nations inter-agency country teams to work with Member States to bolster their national human rights promotion. The "country teams" should respect the sovereignty and laws of Member States, give full consideration to the actual needs of Member States in the human rights area and take the capacity building of Member States as the objective. An annual report on the work of the "country teams" should be submitted for the deliberations of Member States. | |
| - 中国支持人权高专根据其授权在联合国系统发挥积极作用。安理会和拟议中的建设和平委员会可根据需要邀请人权高专参加有关审议。 | - China supports the High Commissioner for Human Rights in playing a more active role in the UN system within his/her term of reference. The Security Council and the proposed Peacebuilding Commission can invite, if needed, the High Commissioner to participate in relevant deliberations. | |
| - 人权高专办应获得相应资源，以加强履行职责的能力，同时应提高经费利用效率。高专办的组成也应更好地体现公平地域分配原则，以便争取各国更广泛的支持。 | - The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights should be granted adequate resources to strengthen its capability to perform its functions. Meanwhile, its funds should be used more efficiently. The composition of the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights should better reflect the principle of geographical equality so as to win broader support of Member States. | |
| - 中国支持改革现行的人权公约报告和审议制度，以避免各条约机构工作的重复，切实减轻缔约国负担。应制订公约机构的工作准则，加强公约机构与缔约国的交流与对话。 | - China is in favor of reforming the current reporting and reviewing system so as to avoid redundancy of various treaty bodies' work and lighten the burden on Contracting Parties. A working code should be formulated for treaty bodies to strengthen communication and dialogue with Contracting Parties. | |
| （五）拟议中的“民主基金” | 5. The proposed "Democracy Fund" | |
| - 秘书长应首先对拟议中的民主基金来源、使用规则和评估方法进行说明，以便各方就此进一步进行讨论。 | - The Secretary-General should first give explanations of the source, rules of use, and assessment procedure of the proposed "Democracy Fund" for the benefit of further discussions. | |
| - 中国不赞成将各国分为“民主”和“非民主”国家。 | - China disagrees with the classification of countries into "democratic" and "non-democratic" nations. | |
| 四、加强联合国 | IV. Strengthening the UN | |
| （一）联合国大会 | 1. The UN General Assembly (UNGA) | |
| - 大会是联合国民主决策的重要机构。中国支持通过改革，提高大会的工作效率，并加强其决策能力。 | - The General Assembly is an important body of democratic decision-making. China is in favour of enhancing its efficiency and its decision-making capability through reforms. | |
| - 中国赞成就振兴大会通过一揽子方案,对各方提出的具体建议持开放态度。 | - China favours the adoption of a comprehensive package of reforms to revitalize the General Assembly. We are open to proposals from any quarter. | |
| - 中国支持适当精减大会议程，优化议事日程，每年根据各方，特别是发展中国家关心的问题，讨论一些重大和实质性问题。那些没有必要的议题可逐年、平衡地删除。 | - China favours streamlining and optimizing the UNGA agenda. Each year, UNGA may hold discussions on some major substantive issues of interest to various parties, the developing countries in particular. The unnecessary items can be removed from the agenda on a year-by-year basis and in a balanced way. | |
| - 中国重视民间社会在国际事务中发挥的建设性作用，愿与各方就建立大会与民间社会的互动机制问题继续展开深入讨论。民间社会参与联合国活动不应影响联合国的政府间国际组织性质，不应影响联合国的工作秩序和效率。 | - China values the constructive role played by the civil society in international affairs, and is ready to continue discussions on setting up an interactive mechanism between UNGA and the civil society. Participation of the civil society in the work of UN should not alter the Organization's inter-governmental nature, nor should it hamper its working order and efficiency. | |
| （二）经社理事会 | 2. The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) | |
| - 中国欢迎和支持联合国经社领域改革，认为改革应遵循联大有关决议确定的方向、原则、目标与重点，应以政府为主导。 | - China welcomes and supports the reforms of the UN in economic and social fields, and is of the view that the reforms should comply with the orientations, principles, objectives and emphasis defined by the relevant UNGA resolutions, and should be government-led. | |
| - 经社领域的工作应以执行和落实千年发展目标和其它联合国主要会议成果为目标、以资金援助、技术转让、能力建设、市场开放、消除贫困等为重点，促进国际经济、发展合作政策的连续性和协调性，全面、综合与平衡地推进联合国经济、发展议程。 | - The work in economic and social fields should aim at implementing the Millennium Development Goals and decisions made at other major UN summits and conferences and focus on financial assistance, technology transfer, capacity building, market access, and poverty alleviation with a view to maintaining the continuity and coordination of the policies of international economic cooperation and development, and implementing the UN economic and development agendas in a comprehensive, coordinated and balanced manner. | |
| - 中国赞同经社理事会作为高级别发展论坛，审查国际发展合作趋势，发挥协调作用。 | - China is in favour of turning ECOSOC into a high-level development forum for reviewing trends in international development cooperation and playing a coordinating role. | |
| - 中国支持经社理事会在规范制定和战略决策方面发挥领导作用，制定一项全球发展议程。 | - China supports the leading normative and strategy-setting role of ECOSOC in mapping out a global development agenda. | |
| - 中国支持经社理事会举行年度部长级会议，评估实现有关商定的发展目标，特别是千年发展目标的进展情况以及发展中国家关心的其它发展问题。 | - China favours holding an annual ministerial meeting to assess the progress made towards agreed development goals, particularly the Millennium Development Goals, and to discuss other development issues of interest to developing countries. | |
| - 中国支持加强经社理事会同布雷顿森林体系、世界贸易组织和和联合国相关发展机构间的协调。 | - China endorses closer coordination between ECOSOC and Bretton Woods system, WTO, UNCTAD and other UN development agencies. | |
| - 中国支持经社理事会在评估饥荒、流行病和严重自然灾害并推动集体应对方面发挥重要作用。 | - China supports the important role by ECOSOC in assessing famines, epidemics and major natural disasters and promoting collective responses to them. | |
| （三）安理会 | 3. The Security Council | |
| - 安理会改革是多方面的，既包括扩大问题，也包括提高工作效率、改进工作方法等重要问题。安理会改革应遵循以下原则： | - The reform of the Security Council is multifaceted covering such important issues as enlarging the Council's membership, increasing efficiency and improving working methods. The reform of the Security Council should apply the following principles. | |
| - 提高安理会的权威和效率，增强其应对全球性威胁和挑战的能力。 | - The reform should be conducive to enhancing the authority and efficiency of the Council and strengthening its capacity to deal with global threats and challenges. | |
| - 优先增加发展中国家代表性。发展中国家已占联合国会员国总数的2/3以上，但在安理会的代表性严重不足。这个状况必须纠正。 | - Increasing the representation of developing countries should be given priority. Developing countries, who account for more than two thirds of the UN membership, are seriously under-represented on the Security Council. This situation must be reversed. | |
| - 应让更多国家，特别是中小国家有更多的机会轮流进入安理会，参与其决策。 | - More countries, the small and medium-sized ones in particular, should be given more opportunities to enter the Council on a rotating basis to participate in its decision making process. | |
| - 坚持地域平衡原则，并兼顾不同文化和文明的代表性。 | - The principle of geographic balance should be adhered to, with representation of different cultures and civilizations taken into consideration. | |
| - 涉及各地区的改革方案应首先在有关地区组内达成一致。中方认为,一些国家倡导的地区轮任原则值得重视和考虑。 | - All the regional groups should, first of all, reach agreement on reform proposals concerning their respective regions. The principle of regional rotation advocated by some countries also merits attention and consideration. | |
| - 坚持协商一致,这是《宪章》的重要精神，目的是兼顾各方，特别是中小国家利益，只有经过协商一致做出的决定才能赢得最广泛的信任和支持。中方反对人为设时限，反对强行表决尚有重大分歧的方案。 | - Achieving consensus through full democratic discussions is the important principle of the UN Charter. Its purpose is to accommodate the interests of all parties, especially the small and medium-sized countries. Only decisions thus made can win the most broad trust and support. | |
| （四）秘书处改革 | 4. Reform of the Secretariat | |
| - 中国支持秘书长通过改进管理建立一个精干高效的秘书处的努力。 | - China supports the efforts of the Secretary-General to make the Secretariat smaller but more efficient through reform of the management. | |
| － 中国赞成联合国实行更加简便易行的规划和预算制度，及时审查大会授权的各项方案和活动，以确定这些活动的相关性并获得足够的资源保障。 | - China endorses a more simple and practical planning and budgetary system and a timely examination of the programs and events approved by UNGA so as to determine their relevance and ensure adequate resources for them. | |
| - 秘书处人员招聘应切实执行《宪章》规定，充分考虑公平地域分配原则，照顾性别平等。 | - The recruitment of the staff of Secretariat should conform to the provisions of the UN Charter and take account of the principle of equitable geographical distribution and gender equality. | |
| － 中国希望秘书处增加管理的透明度、公信度，提高效率，加强问责制。 | - China considers it necessary to further increase the transparency, credibility, efficiency and accountability of the Secretariat. | |
| （五）军参团 | 5. The Military Staff Committee | |
| - 中国对取消军参团的建议有严重保留。认为改革不是简单地取消，应通过协商，赋予军参团在维和及安全等方面新的职能。（完） | - China has serious reservations on abolishing the Military Staff Committee and is of the view that reform does not mean abolition. We may, through consultation, entrust the Military Staff Committee with new mandates in peacekeeping operations and security areas. (Enditem) |
Quellen:
a) Chinesischer Text:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005-06/09/content_3061250.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2005-06/08/content_3056781.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2005-06/08/content_3056782.htm
b) Englischer Text:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3057005.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3057005_1.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3057005_2.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3057005_3.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2005-06/08/content_3057005_4.htm